Seminar Karya Agung
Pertubuhan SAHABAT adalah sebuah entiti mualaf yang berdaftar dengan ROS merupakan sebuah pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO), tidak berasaskan keuntungan dan bergerak secara sukarela. Fungsi utama SAHABAT ialah mencari DANA untuk survival Pusat Bimbingan Teratak Fitrah, Rumah Kebajikan Likas dan menggerakkan Khidmat Sosial (amal jariah) serta memenuhi objektif penubuhan SAHABAT. Pusat ini mendapat dokongan yang padu dari JHEAINS, JAKIM, PZS (MUIS), CONCERN (Majlis Gabungan NGO Islam Sabah), NGO, pendakwah bebas dan lain-lain. SAHABAT boleh dihubungi di teratakfitrah@yahoo.com.
Saturday, July 24, 2010
Sunday, July 18, 2010
MAJLIS PERKHAWINAN QISTINA SEDIN
gerbang kebahagiaan
mencengkam kalbu
Shazia Qistina Reselind Sedin
dengan pilihan hatinya
Zaharol Izham Zakaria
( pakwe kelantan)
Saturday, July 17, 2010
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
Ustaz Nahar Matamin selamat disemadikan
Oleh: AZIM FITRI
BEKAS Imam Besar Masjid Negeri Sabah, Ustaz Nahar Matamin telah kembali ke rahmatullah kira-kira jam 10 pagi kelmarin di Hospital Queen Elizabeth 2 (atau lebih dkenali sebagai SMC).Alllahyarham yang baru pulang dari kursus kejurulatihan pilihanraya Pas di Kundasang mengadu sakit gastrik dan telah ditahan di Hospital Likas. Beliau keluar Hospital pagi ini kira-kira jam 9 pagi dan sempat berbual dan makan bersama ahli keluarga termasuklah ibunya.
Namun kira-kira jam 9.45 pagi, beliau rebah dan tidak sedarkan diri dan terus dibawa ke Hospital Queen Elizabeth 2 dan kemudian disahkan meninggal dunia akibat sakit jantung.Pemergian Allahyarham amat terasa sekali kerana ketokohan dan keilmuan beliau di samping sangat dihormati oleh umat Islam di negeri ini. Semasa beliau menjadi Imam Masjid Negeri, beliau telah melakukan beberapa perubahan untuk menghidupkan lagi masjid negeri sebagai pusat kecemerlangan ummah.Semasa hayatnya, Ustaz Nahar sering diundang oleh Radio TV Malaysia (RTM) bagi mengisi slot agama.
Allahyarham yang mempunyai seorang isteri dan 3 orang anak pernah memikul amanah sebagai Pengerusi Gabungan Pelajar Islam Sabah (GAPIS); Penasihat Persatuan Anak Sabah Jordan; Ketua Dewan Ulamak PAS Negeri Sabah; Naib Pengerusi Yayasan Amal Cawangan Negeri Sabah; AJK Persatuan Ulama Urusetia Sabah dan yang terakhir sebagai Yang Di Pertua Penaja PAS Kawasan Sepanggar.Jawatan terakhir beliau ialah Penolong Pengarah Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sabah (JHEAINS), Unit Pengurusan Masjid.
Di antara tokoh yang hadir di kediaman beliau ialah Pengerusi Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Negeri Sabah Datuk Ismail Awang Besar; bekas Pengerusi Majlis Ugama Islam Sabah Datuk Matusin Awang Damit; bekas Imam Besar Masjid Negeri Datuk Mokhtar Rapok; ADUN Pantai Manis Datuk Abdul Rahim Ismail; Pengerusi Persatuan Ulamak Uruseria Sabah Ustaz Muchklis Ali Kassim dan ratusan sahabat handai dan rakan taulan.Jenazah Allahyarham Nahar akan disembahyangkan pada pagi ini di Masjid Kampong Likas dan dikebumikan di Tanah Perkuburan Islam Kampong Likas.
Al-Fatihah!
Artikel ini dipetik dari http://www.sabahkini.net/
BEKAS Imam Besar Masjid Negeri Sabah, Ustaz Nahar Matamin telah kembali ke rahmatullah kira-kira jam 10 pagi kelmarin di Hospital Queen Elizabeth 2 (atau lebih dkenali sebagai SMC).Alllahyarham yang baru pulang dari kursus kejurulatihan pilihanraya Pas di Kundasang mengadu sakit gastrik dan telah ditahan di Hospital Likas. Beliau keluar Hospital pagi ini kira-kira jam 9 pagi dan sempat berbual dan makan bersama ahli keluarga termasuklah ibunya.
Namun kira-kira jam 9.45 pagi, beliau rebah dan tidak sedarkan diri dan terus dibawa ke Hospital Queen Elizabeth 2 dan kemudian disahkan meninggal dunia akibat sakit jantung.Pemergian Allahyarham amat terasa sekali kerana ketokohan dan keilmuan beliau di samping sangat dihormati oleh umat Islam di negeri ini. Semasa beliau menjadi Imam Masjid Negeri, beliau telah melakukan beberapa perubahan untuk menghidupkan lagi masjid negeri sebagai pusat kecemerlangan ummah.Semasa hayatnya, Ustaz Nahar sering diundang oleh Radio TV Malaysia (RTM) bagi mengisi slot agama.
Allahyarham yang mempunyai seorang isteri dan 3 orang anak pernah memikul amanah sebagai Pengerusi Gabungan Pelajar Islam Sabah (GAPIS); Penasihat Persatuan Anak Sabah Jordan; Ketua Dewan Ulamak PAS Negeri Sabah; Naib Pengerusi Yayasan Amal Cawangan Negeri Sabah; AJK Persatuan Ulama Urusetia Sabah dan yang terakhir sebagai Yang Di Pertua Penaja PAS Kawasan Sepanggar.Jawatan terakhir beliau ialah Penolong Pengarah Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sabah (JHEAINS), Unit Pengurusan Masjid.
Di antara tokoh yang hadir di kediaman beliau ialah Pengerusi Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Negeri Sabah Datuk Ismail Awang Besar; bekas Pengerusi Majlis Ugama Islam Sabah Datuk Matusin Awang Damit; bekas Imam Besar Masjid Negeri Datuk Mokhtar Rapok; ADUN Pantai Manis Datuk Abdul Rahim Ismail; Pengerusi Persatuan Ulamak Uruseria Sabah Ustaz Muchklis Ali Kassim dan ratusan sahabat handai dan rakan taulan.Jenazah Allahyarham Nahar akan disembahyangkan pada pagi ini di Masjid Kampong Likas dan dikebumikan di Tanah Perkuburan Islam Kampong Likas.
Al-Fatihah!
Artikel ini dipetik dari http://www.sabahkini.net/
Saturday, July 10, 2010
Russian Muslims Between Oil and Federalism
(Islam in Russia: Part Two)
By Elmira Akhmetova
Freelance Writer
Although Russian authorities carried out massacres against Muslims in Chechnya, some Russian Muslims prefer not to secede, (Reuters photo)Muslim republics in Northern Caucasus are rich in oil, natural gas, coal, gold, and many other mineral resources.
According to Ariel Cohen, a research fellow at the Washington-based Russian and Eurasian Studies at the Heritage Foundation, the huge oil reserves are estimated to be over 25 billion barrels under the Caspian Sea.
He estimated that oil reserves in the Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are similar to those in Kuwait and larger than those in Alaska's Northern Slope and the North Sea combined.
Islam in Russia Part one
Natural resource abundance, however, could not result in economic prosperity among Caucasian Muslim republics because of many reasons.
Oil's Bloody Politics
Russia's control of Chechnya enables Moscow to control the flow of natural resources, mainly oil and gas.
For instance, the tiny republic of Ingushetia is rich in marble, timber, dolomite, plaster, limestone, gravel, granite, clay, thermal medical water, rare metals, mineral water, oil (over 60 billion tons), and natural gas reserves.
Yet, Ingushetia remains one of Russia's poorest and most restive regions. In 2003, Ingushetia's percapita income was 463 Euro/ $ 678 dollars per year, and this figure remains the same every year, with the average monthly income stopped at $60 starting from 2006.
As Russia’s daily online Kommersant reported that the difference between the maximum (in Moscow) and minimum (in Ingushetia) average percapita incomes in the first half of 2007 was 9.8 times.And, according to Rosstat, the state statistics service, incomes in Russia's richest areas are nearly 10 times higher than in the poorest ones.
Many experts agreed that the Caspian Sea's oilfields and the strategic significance of oil pipelines passing through Caucasus were major incentives for Moscow to use force in Chechnya during the two Chechen Wars of 1994-1996 and 1999-2000.
Read More: Muslims of Former Soviet Union.In 1995, Time magazine's former Russia correspondent Andrew Meier wrote of many issues baffling Western observers about Russia's intervention in Chechnya.
He contended that the question of the timing of the invasion has gone unanswered while the reason was simply oil.
Chechnya, as many correspondents have noted, has considerable oil reserves that Moscow clearly covets. Yet, oil production in Chechnya has been dropping drastically by some 71 percent since 1991.
Much more significant is the fact that Russia's control of Chechnya enables Moscow to control the flow of natural resources, mainly oil and gas, running from former Soviet Union republics in Central Asia.
The small mountainous region of the Northern Caucasus sits astride a critical pipeline that links the oil-rich republics of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan — both are bordering the landlocked Caspian Sea — to the Russian port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea. (Andrew Meier, What does Russia see in Chechnya? Oil)
The ongoing military conflict in the neighboring Chechnya has occasionally spilled over into other republics of the Northern Caucasus.
"Although there has been a decrease in the number of disappearances in Chechnya, serious violations continue with impunity, and in recent years the violations have spread to other parts of the Northern Caucasus," said Nicola Duckworth, the director of Amnesty International's Europe and Central Asia Program. (Human Rights Watch, Council of Europe Failing in Russia).
Muslim Republics Between Federalism and Unitarianism
Yet, usually the candidates of federal republic’s presidents are nominated by the president of the Russian Federation. The system of federalism in Russia was inherited from the Soviet Union's political structure, and it was first formally instituted by the federal constitution of Russia in 1918.
Despite its professed commitment to "socialist federalism", the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a unitary state, and policies of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic (RSFSR) [1] had to conform to those determined by the USSR.
After the dissolution of the USSR, the federal constitution was amended to eliminate the term "autonomous" from the title of the former republics of the RSFSR which was replaced by "Russian Federation."
So, all the territories, regions, and federal cities were recognized as members of the Russian Federation.
Russian federal subjects are tied with the Russia's federal government by the uniform Federal Treaty — the agreement on the delineation of jurisdiction and the powers between federal bodies and the central government in Moscow.
Principally, as many experts observed, the Russian constitution envisages the equal rights for all subjects; federal republics enjoy different status which allows them to adopt domestic constitutions, to establish state languages, to elect presidents, and to form constitutional courts. Different status presupposes asymmetrical federalism in the sense that not all of the constituent units are equal in economical, geographical, and social spheres (Salikov, The Russian Federal System: Sub-National and Local Levels). Although its constitution was compelled to be amended 15 times, the republic of Tatarstan enjoys the most rights among other republics.
Tatarstan's constitution of 2000 defines the republic's status without contradicting the constitution of the Russian Federation:
The republic of Tatarstan is a democratic constitutional state associated with the Russian Federation by the constitution of the Russian Federation, the constitution of the republic of Tatarstan, and the treaty between the Russian Federation and the republic of Tatarstan on delimitation of jurisdictional subjects and mutual delegation of powers between the state bodies of the Russian Federation and the state bodies of the republic of Tatarstan.
In fact, the sovereignty of Tatarstan shall be its inalienable qualitative status.
The constitution of neighboring Bashqortostan was adopted on Dec. 24, 1993. Article 1 of the constitution stipulates that Bashkortostan is a sovereign state within Russia; it has all the state power beyond the limits of authority of the Russian Federation.
The republic of Bashqortostan resolves all the issues of its administrative-territorial structure on its own.
The list of significant Bashkortostan's districts, towns, and municipalities as well as the order of establishing, amending, and changing borders of municipalities and their names are stipulated by the republic of Bashkortostan's law of administrative-territorial structure.
The head of the government and the highest executive post in the Muslim Republics is the president.
Yet, usually the candidates of federal republic’s presidents are nominated by the president of the Russian Federation.
The Kremlin’s direct involvement in nominating presidents of Russia's republics without paying attention to the will of local communities produces new conflicts and preserves the status quo, rather than changing the system itself for the benefit of the people.
For instance, in Ingushetia when former Ingushetia's president and Putin-critic Ruslan Aushev resigned from his post, former KGB and FSB [2] (Federal Security Service) member Murat Zyazikov took over the presidency with clear support from then Russia's president Vladimir Putin in a Kremlin-manipulated 2002 election.
In the eyes of the people of Ingushetia, President Zyazikov did not come into office through a democratic process, and therefore lacks local legitimacy. Tensions between Ingush people and the government led to numerous recent protests and increasingly severe acts of violence in the republic.
Gennady Skorin of Prague Watchdog confirmed that in recent years the situation in Ingushetia has begun to change rapidly.
Abductions and law enforcement operations have turned the small republic into a place where no one could feel safe.
The Russian authorities’ claims that they hunted for extremists sounded like an open lie, because it is well-known that in most cases the people who suffer during the so-called "mop-ups" (zachistki) are innocent. (Skorin, Ingushetia as the last line of defence in Russia's Caucasus War). "Some 200 kidnappings and over 500 murders are too many for a republic with an entire population of only about 300, 000," Skorin comments.
Marat S. Salikov, the dean of the Institute of Justice of the Urals Law Academy in Yekaterinburg, Russia, concludes that the central government’s attempts to subjugate federal states could lead not just to centralized federalism, but to de-federalization, like unitarianism. (Salikov, The Russian Federal System: Sub-National and Local Levels).
Future of Muslim Republics in Russia
With intellectuals' joint efforts, the Russian Ummah can reach notable progress in influencing the foreign and domestic politics of Moscow.
The atmosphere of liberty which prevailed in 1990s in Muslim-populated areas of Russia has now abated.
Today, streets of even small towns of Bashqortostan and its supreme council, which enthusiastically adopted the declaration of the sovereignty of the Bashkir Soviet Republic on Oct.11,1990, are decorated with plentiful banners sympathetically demonstrating their dependence on Russia. In 2007, the government celebrated 450 years of the "willful joining" of the Bashqort tribes to the Russian Empire.
The opposition, which believes in the independence of Bashqortostan from Russian supremacy, does not have many chances to be heard by internal or international communities. For instance, right after the Russian aggression against Georgia, Tatar's independence party Ittifaq released an appeal to the international community, indicating why the oil-rich republic of Tatarstan must pursue independence from the Russian Federation.
The authors of the appeal state:
The republic of Tatarstan must be independent from Russia. […] Russia has been denying us the right [of] self-determination for centuries, [and] we have to seek help from the international community. Please protect us from the Russian aggression, help us to [gain independence, and to build] a democratic society. Oil-rich Tatarstan does not want to empower Russia any more. Recognize the independence of the republic of Tatarstan. The hard-working, trustworthy Tatar people — having old history, robust economy, well-developed oil resources, and rich agriculture — are ready to contribute to the development of the world civilization together with other nations.
Unfortunately, the appeal, which was circulated by email, attracted little attention from the media either in Russia or the West.
However, today, many Russian Muslim experts completely oppose the idea of the independence of Muslim republics from the Russian Federation, supposing it to be unfeasible due to territorial and demographic considerations.
For instance, as Damir Khairetdinov pointed out, only one-fourth of Tatar population is living inside the republic of Tatarstan while the rest are living in other parts of the Russian Federation.
In the case of Tatarstan separating from Russia, it may result in massive persecution of Tatars in Russia. These Tatars are descendants of the Kasimian, Siberian, Astrakhan and Noghay Khanates, and completely unrelated to the republic of Tatarstan.
Damir Khairetdinov believes that the secession of Tatarstan and Bashqortostan from the Russian Federation would be a colossal smack to the Russian Ummah which nobody will care about due to its small quantity and dispersal of its population.
Therefore, only with Tatarstan and Bashqortostan being part of the Russian Federation, the strengthening of the Russian Muslim Ummah is possible.
With intellectuals' joint efforts, the Russian Ummah can reach notable progress in influencing the foreign and domestic politics of Moscow.
This is already happening: nobody could even imagine that Russia, which is mainly a Christian state, would want to become a member of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), and want to utilize the Muslim factor in its foreign politics. In this regard, the roles of Chechnya and Tatarstan, as well as of Muslim communities outside these republics — namely the Muslim community of Moscow — are the most notable. Director of Nizhny Novgorod Islamic Institute of "Medina" Damir Mukhetdinov is also positive about the future of Muslims in Russia. In his live dialogue on IslamOnline.net, Mukhetdinov pointed out that, according to the recent sociological researches, by 2020, Muslims may compose the half of Russia's population, which may be possible due to extensive labor migration from Central Asia to Russia. In addition, Muslim Republics in the Northern Caucasus, especially Chechnya, have the youngest populations in the generally aging Russian Federation; in the early 1990s, it was among the few regions experiencing natural population growth.In the first half of 2007, the birth rate in Chechnya was 26.4, while in Russia it was 11.28 per 1,000 individual.
During an iftar at the central Moscow mosque in Ramadan 2008, Grant Mufti of the European part of the Russian Federation Ravil Gainetdinov stressed on long-lasting tradition of dialogue between Muslims and other confessions of Russia. He declared: "Russia is our shared home, and we, Muslims of Russia, are obliged to protect and enlarge spiritual wealth left by our forefathers."[1] Today's Russian Federation. [2] KGB is former USSR's and former Russian Federation's intelligence agency while FSB is Russia's Federal Security Service. Sources:Cohen, Ariel. The New "Great Game": Oil Politics in the Caucasus and Central Asia,
http://www.heritage.org/Research/RussiaandEurasia/BG1065.cfm
Human Rights Watch. Council of Europe Failing in Russia. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HRW/acb93ad76de9628c932576501538c803.htm
Incomes Nearly 10x Higher in Richest Areas than Pooresthttp://www.kommersant.com/p-11336/r_500/demographics_standard_of_living/%20
Marjani, Shihabetdin. Mustafad al'-akhbar fi Ahwali Qazan wa Bulgar. Kazan: Tatarstan Publishing House, 1989.
Meier, Andrew. What does Russia see in Chechnya? Oil http://amina.com/article/chechenrus_confl.html
Salikov, Marat. The Russian Federal System: Sub-National and Local Levels. http://camlaw.rutgers.edu/statecon/subpapers/salikov.pdf Retrieved September 20, 2008.
Skorin, G. Ingushetia as the last line of defence in Russia's Caucasus War.http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000002-000048&lang=1
Elmira Akhmetova, is a freelance writer who covers current events and general interest topics, including the situation of Muslims in the former Soviet Union.
(Islam in Russia: Part Two)
By Elmira Akhmetova
Freelance Writer
Although Russian authorities carried out massacres against Muslims in Chechnya, some Russian Muslims prefer not to secede, (Reuters photo)Muslim republics in Northern Caucasus are rich in oil, natural gas, coal, gold, and many other mineral resources.
According to Ariel Cohen, a research fellow at the Washington-based Russian and Eurasian Studies at the Heritage Foundation, the huge oil reserves are estimated to be over 25 billion barrels under the Caspian Sea.
He estimated that oil reserves in the Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are similar to those in Kuwait and larger than those in Alaska's Northern Slope and the North Sea combined.
Islam in Russia Part one
Natural resource abundance, however, could not result in economic prosperity among Caucasian Muslim republics because of many reasons.
Oil's Bloody Politics
Russia's control of Chechnya enables Moscow to control the flow of natural resources, mainly oil and gas.
For instance, the tiny republic of Ingushetia is rich in marble, timber, dolomite, plaster, limestone, gravel, granite, clay, thermal medical water, rare metals, mineral water, oil (over 60 billion tons), and natural gas reserves.
Yet, Ingushetia remains one of Russia's poorest and most restive regions. In 2003, Ingushetia's percapita income was 463 Euro/ $ 678 dollars per year, and this figure remains the same every year, with the average monthly income stopped at $60 starting from 2006.
As Russia’s daily online Kommersant reported that the difference between the maximum (in Moscow) and minimum (in Ingushetia) average percapita incomes in the first half of 2007 was 9.8 times.And, according to Rosstat, the state statistics service, incomes in Russia's richest areas are nearly 10 times higher than in the poorest ones.
Many experts agreed that the Caspian Sea's oilfields and the strategic significance of oil pipelines passing through Caucasus were major incentives for Moscow to use force in Chechnya during the two Chechen Wars of 1994-1996 and 1999-2000.
Read More: Muslims of Former Soviet Union.In 1995, Time magazine's former Russia correspondent Andrew Meier wrote of many issues baffling Western observers about Russia's intervention in Chechnya.
He contended that the question of the timing of the invasion has gone unanswered while the reason was simply oil.
Chechnya, as many correspondents have noted, has considerable oil reserves that Moscow clearly covets. Yet, oil production in Chechnya has been dropping drastically by some 71 percent since 1991.
Much more significant is the fact that Russia's control of Chechnya enables Moscow to control the flow of natural resources, mainly oil and gas, running from former Soviet Union republics in Central Asia.
The small mountainous region of the Northern Caucasus sits astride a critical pipeline that links the oil-rich republics of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan — both are bordering the landlocked Caspian Sea — to the Russian port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea. (Andrew Meier, What does Russia see in Chechnya? Oil)
The ongoing military conflict in the neighboring Chechnya has occasionally spilled over into other republics of the Northern Caucasus.
"Although there has been a decrease in the number of disappearances in Chechnya, serious violations continue with impunity, and in recent years the violations have spread to other parts of the Northern Caucasus," said Nicola Duckworth, the director of Amnesty International's Europe and Central Asia Program. (Human Rights Watch, Council of Europe Failing in Russia).
Muslim Republics Between Federalism and Unitarianism
Yet, usually the candidates of federal republic’s presidents are nominated by the president of the Russian Federation. The system of federalism in Russia was inherited from the Soviet Union's political structure, and it was first formally instituted by the federal constitution of Russia in 1918.
Despite its professed commitment to "socialist federalism", the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a unitary state, and policies of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic (RSFSR) [1] had to conform to those determined by the USSR.
After the dissolution of the USSR, the federal constitution was amended to eliminate the term "autonomous" from the title of the former republics of the RSFSR which was replaced by "Russian Federation."
So, all the territories, regions, and federal cities were recognized as members of the Russian Federation.
Russian federal subjects are tied with the Russia's federal government by the uniform Federal Treaty — the agreement on the delineation of jurisdiction and the powers between federal bodies and the central government in Moscow.
Principally, as many experts observed, the Russian constitution envisages the equal rights for all subjects; federal republics enjoy different status which allows them to adopt domestic constitutions, to establish state languages, to elect presidents, and to form constitutional courts. Different status presupposes asymmetrical federalism in the sense that not all of the constituent units are equal in economical, geographical, and social spheres (Salikov, The Russian Federal System: Sub-National and Local Levels). Although its constitution was compelled to be amended 15 times, the republic of Tatarstan enjoys the most rights among other republics.
Tatarstan's constitution of 2000 defines the republic's status without contradicting the constitution of the Russian Federation:
The republic of Tatarstan is a democratic constitutional state associated with the Russian Federation by the constitution of the Russian Federation, the constitution of the republic of Tatarstan, and the treaty between the Russian Federation and the republic of Tatarstan on delimitation of jurisdictional subjects and mutual delegation of powers between the state bodies of the Russian Federation and the state bodies of the republic of Tatarstan.
In fact, the sovereignty of Tatarstan shall be its inalienable qualitative status.
The constitution of neighboring Bashqortostan was adopted on Dec. 24, 1993. Article 1 of the constitution stipulates that Bashkortostan is a sovereign state within Russia; it has all the state power beyond the limits of authority of the Russian Federation.
The republic of Bashqortostan resolves all the issues of its administrative-territorial structure on its own.
The list of significant Bashkortostan's districts, towns, and municipalities as well as the order of establishing, amending, and changing borders of municipalities and their names are stipulated by the republic of Bashkortostan's law of administrative-territorial structure.
The head of the government and the highest executive post in the Muslim Republics is the president.
Yet, usually the candidates of federal republic’s presidents are nominated by the president of the Russian Federation.
The Kremlin’s direct involvement in nominating presidents of Russia's republics without paying attention to the will of local communities produces new conflicts and preserves the status quo, rather than changing the system itself for the benefit of the people.
For instance, in Ingushetia when former Ingushetia's president and Putin-critic Ruslan Aushev resigned from his post, former KGB and FSB [2] (Federal Security Service) member Murat Zyazikov took over the presidency with clear support from then Russia's president Vladimir Putin in a Kremlin-manipulated 2002 election.
In the eyes of the people of Ingushetia, President Zyazikov did not come into office through a democratic process, and therefore lacks local legitimacy. Tensions between Ingush people and the government led to numerous recent protests and increasingly severe acts of violence in the republic.
Gennady Skorin of Prague Watchdog confirmed that in recent years the situation in Ingushetia has begun to change rapidly.
Abductions and law enforcement operations have turned the small republic into a place where no one could feel safe.
The Russian authorities’ claims that they hunted for extremists sounded like an open lie, because it is well-known that in most cases the people who suffer during the so-called "mop-ups" (zachistki) are innocent. (Skorin, Ingushetia as the last line of defence in Russia's Caucasus War). "Some 200 kidnappings and over 500 murders are too many for a republic with an entire population of only about 300, 000," Skorin comments.
Marat S. Salikov, the dean of the Institute of Justice of the Urals Law Academy in Yekaterinburg, Russia, concludes that the central government’s attempts to subjugate federal states could lead not just to centralized federalism, but to de-federalization, like unitarianism. (Salikov, The Russian Federal System: Sub-National and Local Levels).
Future of Muslim Republics in Russia
With intellectuals' joint efforts, the Russian Ummah can reach notable progress in influencing the foreign and domestic politics of Moscow.
The atmosphere of liberty which prevailed in 1990s in Muslim-populated areas of Russia has now abated.
Today, streets of even small towns of Bashqortostan and its supreme council, which enthusiastically adopted the declaration of the sovereignty of the Bashkir Soviet Republic on Oct.11,1990, are decorated with plentiful banners sympathetically demonstrating their dependence on Russia. In 2007, the government celebrated 450 years of the "willful joining" of the Bashqort tribes to the Russian Empire.
The opposition, which believes in the independence of Bashqortostan from Russian supremacy, does not have many chances to be heard by internal or international communities. For instance, right after the Russian aggression against Georgia, Tatar's independence party Ittifaq released an appeal to the international community, indicating why the oil-rich republic of Tatarstan must pursue independence from the Russian Federation.
The authors of the appeal state:
The republic of Tatarstan must be independent from Russia. […] Russia has been denying us the right [of] self-determination for centuries, [and] we have to seek help from the international community. Please protect us from the Russian aggression, help us to [gain independence, and to build] a democratic society. Oil-rich Tatarstan does not want to empower Russia any more. Recognize the independence of the republic of Tatarstan. The hard-working, trustworthy Tatar people — having old history, robust economy, well-developed oil resources, and rich agriculture — are ready to contribute to the development of the world civilization together with other nations.
Unfortunately, the appeal, which was circulated by email, attracted little attention from the media either in Russia or the West.
However, today, many Russian Muslim experts completely oppose the idea of the independence of Muslim republics from the Russian Federation, supposing it to be unfeasible due to territorial and demographic considerations.
For instance, as Damir Khairetdinov pointed out, only one-fourth of Tatar population is living inside the republic of Tatarstan while the rest are living in other parts of the Russian Federation.
In the case of Tatarstan separating from Russia, it may result in massive persecution of Tatars in Russia. These Tatars are descendants of the Kasimian, Siberian, Astrakhan and Noghay Khanates, and completely unrelated to the republic of Tatarstan.
Damir Khairetdinov believes that the secession of Tatarstan and Bashqortostan from the Russian Federation would be a colossal smack to the Russian Ummah which nobody will care about due to its small quantity and dispersal of its population.
Therefore, only with Tatarstan and Bashqortostan being part of the Russian Federation, the strengthening of the Russian Muslim Ummah is possible.
With intellectuals' joint efforts, the Russian Ummah can reach notable progress in influencing the foreign and domestic politics of Moscow.
This is already happening: nobody could even imagine that Russia, which is mainly a Christian state, would want to become a member of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), and want to utilize the Muslim factor in its foreign politics. In this regard, the roles of Chechnya and Tatarstan, as well as of Muslim communities outside these republics — namely the Muslim community of Moscow — are the most notable. Director of Nizhny Novgorod Islamic Institute of "Medina" Damir Mukhetdinov is also positive about the future of Muslims in Russia. In his live dialogue on IslamOnline.net, Mukhetdinov pointed out that, according to the recent sociological researches, by 2020, Muslims may compose the half of Russia's population, which may be possible due to extensive labor migration from Central Asia to Russia. In addition, Muslim Republics in the Northern Caucasus, especially Chechnya, have the youngest populations in the generally aging Russian Federation; in the early 1990s, it was among the few regions experiencing natural population growth.In the first half of 2007, the birth rate in Chechnya was 26.4, while in Russia it was 11.28 per 1,000 individual.
During an iftar at the central Moscow mosque in Ramadan 2008, Grant Mufti of the European part of the Russian Federation Ravil Gainetdinov stressed on long-lasting tradition of dialogue between Muslims and other confessions of Russia. He declared: "Russia is our shared home, and we, Muslims of Russia, are obliged to protect and enlarge spiritual wealth left by our forefathers."[1] Today's Russian Federation. [2] KGB is former USSR's and former Russian Federation's intelligence agency while FSB is Russia's Federal Security Service. Sources:Cohen, Ariel. The New "Great Game": Oil Politics in the Caucasus and Central Asia,
http://www.heritage.org/Research/RussiaandEurasia/BG1065.cfm
Human Rights Watch. Council of Europe Failing in Russia. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HRW/acb93ad76de9628c932576501538c803.htm
Incomes Nearly 10x Higher in Richest Areas than Pooresthttp://www.kommersant.com/p-11336/r_500/demographics_standard_of_living/%20
Marjani, Shihabetdin. Mustafad al'-akhbar fi Ahwali Qazan wa Bulgar. Kazan: Tatarstan Publishing House, 1989.
Meier, Andrew. What does Russia see in Chechnya? Oil http://amina.com/article/chechenrus_confl.html
Salikov, Marat. The Russian Federal System: Sub-National and Local Levels. http://camlaw.rutgers.edu/statecon/subpapers/salikov.pdf Retrieved September 20, 2008.
Skorin, G. Ingushetia as the last line of defence in Russia's Caucasus War.http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000002-000048&lang=1
Elmira Akhmetova, is a freelance writer who covers current events and general interest topics, including the situation of Muslims in the former Soviet Union.
Friday, July 9, 2010
ISRAK MIKRAJ
Sebelum Israk dan MikrajRasulullah S. A. W. mengalami pembedahan dada / perut, dilakukan oleh malaikat Jibrail dan Mika'il. Hati Baginda S. A. W.. dicuci dengan air zamzam, dibuang ketul hitam ('alaqah) iaitu tempat syaitan membisikkan waswasnya. Kemudian dituangkan hikmat, ilmu, dan iman. ke dalam dada Rasulullah S. A. W.
Setelah itu, dadanya dijahit dan dimeterikan dengan "khatimin nubuwwah". Selesai pembedahan, didatangkan binatang bernama Buraq untuk ditunggangi oleh Rasulullah dalam perjalanan luar biasa yang dinamakan "Israk" itu. 2. Semasa Israk (Perjalanan dari Masjidil-Haram ke Masjidil-Aqsa):Sepanjang perjalanan (israk) itu Rasulullah S. A. W. diiringi (ditemani) oleh malaikat Jibrail dan Israfil. Tiba di tempat-tempat tertentu (tempat-tempat yang mulia dan bersejarah), Rasulullah telah diarah oleh Jibrail supaya berhenti dan bersembahyang sebanyak dua rakaat. Antara tempat-tempat berkenaan ialah:i. Negeri Thaibah (Madinah), tempat di mana Rasulullah akan melakukan hijrah. ii. Bukit Tursina, iaitu tempat Nabi Musa A. S. menerima wahyu daripada Allah; iii. Baitul-Laham (tempat Nabi 'Isa A. S. dilahirkan); Dalam perjalanan itu juga baginda Rasulullah S. A. W. menghadapi gangguan jin 'Afrit dengan api jamung dan dapat menyasikan peristiwa-peristiwa simbolik yang amat ajaib. Antaranya :§ Kaum yang sedang bertanam dan terus menuai hasil tanaman mereka. apabila dituai, hasil (buah) yang baru keluar semula seolah-olah belum lagi dituai. Hal ini berlaku berulang-ulang.
Rasulullah S. A. W. dibertahu oleh Jibrail : Itulah kaum yang berjihad "Fisabilillah" yang digandakan pahala kebajikan sebanyak 700 kali ganda bahkan sehingga gandaan yang lebih banyak. § Tempat yang berbau harum. Rasulullah S. A. W. diberitahu oleh Jibrail : Itulah bau kubur Mayitah (tukang sisir rambut anak Fir'aun) bersama suaminya dan anak-anak-nya (termasuk bayi yang dapat bercakap untuk menguatkan iman ibunya) yang dibunuh oleh Fir'aun kerana tetapt teguh beriman kepada Allah (tak mahu mengakui Fir'aun sebagai Tuhan).§ Sekumpulan orang yang sedang memecahkan kepala mereka. Setiap kali dipecahkan, kepala mereka sembuh kembali, lalu dipecahkan pula. Demikian dilakukan berkali-kali. Jibrail memberitahu Rasulullah: Itulah orang-orang yang berat kepala mereka untuk sujud (sembahyang). § Sekumpulan orang yang hanya menutup kemaluan mereka (qubul dan dubur) dengan secebis kain.
Mereka dihalau seperti binatang ternakan. Mereka makan bara api dan batu dari neraka Jahannam. Kata Jibrail : Itulah orang-orang yang tidak mengeluarkan zakat harta mereka. § Satu kaum, lelaki dan perempuan, yang memakan daging mentah yang busuk sedangkan daging masak ada di sisi mereka. Kata Jibrail: Itulah lelaki dan perempuan yang melakukan zina sedangkan lelaki dan perempuan itu masing-masing mempunyai isteri / suami.§ Lelaki yang berenang dalam sungai darah dan dilontarkan batu. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang makan riba`.§ Lelaki yang menghimpun seberkas kayu dan dia tak terdaya memikulnya, tapi ditambah lagi kayu yang lain. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang tak dapat menunaikan amanah tetapi masih menerima amanah yang lain.§ Satu kaum yang sedang menggunting lidah dan bibir mereka dengan penggunting besi berkali-kali. Setiap kali digunting, lidah dan bibir mereka kembali seperti biasa. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang membuat fitnah dan mengatakan sesuatu yang dia sendiri tidak melakukannya. § Kaum yang mencakar muka dan dada mereka dengan kuku tembaga mereka. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang memakan daging manusia (mengumpat) dan menjatuhkan maruah (mencela, menghinakan) orang.§ Seekor lembu jantan yang besar keluar dari lubang yang sempit.
Tak dapat dimasukinya semula lubang itu. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang bercakap besar (Takabbur). Kemudian menyesal, tapi sudah terlambat.§ Seorang perempuan dengan dulang yang penuh dengan pelbagai perhiasan. Rasulullah tidak memperdulikannya. Kata Jibrail: Itulah dunia. Jika Rasulullah memberi perhatian kepadanya, nescaya umat Islam akan mengutamakan dunia daripada akhirat. § Seorang perempuan tua duduk di tengah jalan dan menyuruh Rasulullah berhenti. Rasulullah S. A. W. tidak menghiraukannya. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang mensesiakan umurnya sampai ke tua.§ Seorang perempuan bongkok tiga menahan Rasulullah untuk bertanyakan sesuatu. Kata Jibrail: Itulah gambaran umur dunia yang sangat tua dan menanti saat hari kiamat. Setibanya di masjid Al-Aqsa, Rasulullah turun dari Buraq. Kemudian masuk ke dalam masjid dan mengimamkan sembahyang dua rakaat dengan segala anbia` dan mursalin menjadi makmum.Rasulullah S. A. W. terasa dahaga, lalu dibawa Jibrail dua bejana yang berisi arak dan susu. Rasulullah memilih susu lalu diminumnya. Kata Jibrail: Baginda membuat pilhan yang betul. Jika arak itu dipilih, nescaya ramai umat baginda akan menjadi sesat.3. Semasa Mikraj (Naik ke Hadhratul-Qudus Menemui Allah):Didatangkan Mikraj (tangga) yang indah dari syurga. Rasulullah S. A. W. dan Jibrail naik ke atas tangga pertama lalu terangkat ke pintu langit dunia (pintu Hafzhah). . Langit Pertama: Rasulullah S. A. W. dan Jibrail masuk ke langit pertama, lalu berjumpa dengan Nabi Adam A. S. Kemudian dapat melihat orang-orang yang makan riba` dan harta anak yatim dan melihat orang berzina yang rupa dan kelakuan mereka sangat huduh dan buruk. Penzina lelaki bergantung pada susu penzina perempuan. i. Langit Kedua: Nabi S. A. W. dan Jibrail naik tangga langit yang kedua, lalu masuk dan bertemu dengan Nabi 'Isa A. S. dan Nabi Yahya A. S.ii. Langit Ketiga: Naik langit ketiga. Bertemu dengan Nabi Yusuf A. S. iii. Langit Keempat: Naik tangga langit keempat. Bertemu dengan Nabi Idris A. S. iv. Langit Kelima: Naik tangga langit kelima. Bertemu dengan Nabi Harun A. S. yang dikelilingi oleh kaumnya Bani Israil.v. Langit Keenam: Naik tangga langit keenam. Bertemu dengan Nabi-Nabi.
Seterusnya dengan Nabi Musa A. S. Rasulullah mengangkat kepala (disuruh oleh Jibrail) lalu dapat melihat umat baginda sendiri yang ramai, termasuk 70,000 orang yang masuk syurga tanpa hisab. vi. Langit Ketujuh: Naik tangga langit ketujuh dan masuk langit ketujuh lalu bertemu dengan Nabi Ibrahim Khalilullah yang sedang bersandar di Baitul-Ma'mur dihadapi oleh beberapa kaumnya. Kepada Rasulullah S. A. W., Nabi Ibrahim A. S. bersabda, "Engkau akan berjumapa dengan Allah pada malam ini. Umatmu adalah akhir umat dan terlalu dha'if, maka berdoalah untuk umatmu. Suruhlah umatmu menanam tanaman syurga iaitu lah HAULA WALA QUWWATA ILLA BILLAH". Mengikut riwayat lain, Nabi Irahim A. S. bersabda, "Sampaikan salamku kepada umatmu dan beritahu mereka, syurga itu baik tanahnya, tawar airnya dan tanamannya ialah lima kalimah, iaitu: SUBHANALLAH, WAL-HAMDULILLAH, WA lah ILAHA ILLALLAH ALLAHU AKBAR dan WA lah HAULA WA lah QUWWATA ILLA BILLAHIL- 'ALIYYIL-'AZHIM. Bagi orang yang membaca setiap kalimah ini akan ditanamkan sepohon pokok dalam syurga". Setelah melihat beberpa peristiwa! lain yang ajaib. Rasulullah dan Jibrail masuk ke dalam Baitul-Makmur dan bersembahyang (Baitul-Makmur ini betul-betul di atas Baitullah di Mekah). vii. Tangga Kelapan: Di sinilah disebut "al-Kursi" yang berbetulan dengan dahan pokok Sidratul-Muntaha. Rasulullah S. A. W. menyaksikan pelbagai keajaiban pada pokok itu: Sungai air yang tak berubah, sungai susu, sungai arak dan sungai madu lebah. Buah, daun-daun, batang dan dahannya berubah-ubah warna dan bertukar menjadi permata-permata yang indah. Unggas-unggas emas berterbangan. Semua keindahan itu tak terperi oleh manusia. Baginda Rasulullah S. A. W. dapat menyaksikan pula sungai Al-Kautsar yang terus masuk ke syurga. Seterusnya baginda masuk ke syurga dan melihat neraka berserta dengan Malik penunggunya.viii. Tangga Kesembilan: Di sini berbetulan dengan pucuk pokok Sidratul-Muntaha. Rasulullah S. A. W. masuk di dalam nur dan naik ke Mustawa dan Sharirul-Aqlam. Lalu dapat melihat seorang lelaki yang ghaib di dalam nur 'Arasy, iaitu lelaki di dunia yang lidahnya sering basah berzikir, hatinya tertumpu penuh kepada masjid dan tidak memaki ibu bapanya. ix. Tangga Kesepuluh: Baginda Rasulullah sampai di Hadhratul-Qudus dan Hadhrat Rabbul-Arbab lalu dapat menyaksikan Allah S. W. T. dengan mata kepalanya, lantas sujud. Kemudian berlakulah dialog antara Allah dan Muhammad, Rasul-Nya: Allah S. W. T : Ya Muhammad. Rasulullah : Labbaika. Allah S. W. T : Angkatlah kepalamu dan bermohonlah, Kami perkenankan. Rasulullah : Ya, Rabb. Engkau telah ambil Ibrahim sebagai Khalil dan Engkau berikan dia kerajaan yang besar. Engkau berkata-kata dengan Musa. Engkau berikan Dawud kerajaan yang besar dan dapat melembutkan besi. Engkau kurniakan kerajaan kepada Sulaiman yang tidak Engkau kurniakan kepada sesiapa pun dan memudahkan Sulaiman menguasai jin, manusia, syaitan dan angin. Engkau ajarkan 'Isa Taurat dan Injil. Dengan izin-Mu, dia dapat menyembuhkan orang buta, orang sufaq dan menghidupkan orang mati. Engkau lindungi dia dan ibunya daripada syaitan. Allah S. W. T : aku ambilmu sebagai kekasih. Aku perkenankanmu sebagai penyampai berita gembira dan amaran kepada umatmu. Aku buka dadamu dan buangkan dosamu. Aku jadikan umatmu sebaik-baik umat. Aku beri keutamaan dan keistimewaan kepadamu pada hari qiamat. Aku kurniakan tujuh ayat (surah Al-Fatihah) yang tidak aku kurniakan kepada sesiapa sebelummu. Aku berikanmu ayat-ayat di akhir surah al-Baqarah sebagai suatu perbendaharaan di bawah 'Arasy. Aku berikan habuan daripada kelebihan Islam, hijrah, sedekah dan amar makruf dan nahi munkar. Aku kurniakanmu panji-panji Liwa-ul-hamd, maka Adam dan semua yang lainnya di bawah panji-panjimu. Dan aku fardhukan atasmu dan umatmu lima puluh (waktu) sembahyang.4. Selesai munajat, Rasulullah S. A. W. di bawa menemui Nabi Ibrahim A. S. kemudian Nabi Musa A. S. yang kemudiannya menyuruh Rasulullah S. A. W. merayu kepada Allah S. W. T agar diberi keringanan, mengurangkan jumlah waktu sembahyang itu. Selepas sembilan kali merayu, (setiap kali dikurangkan lima waktu), akhirnya Allah perkenan memfardhukan sembahyang lima waktu sehari semalam dengan mengekalkan nilainya sebanyak 50 waktu juga. 5. Selepas MikrajRasulullah S. A. W. turun ke langit dunia semula.
Seterusnya turun ke Baitul-Maqdis. Lalu menunggang Buraq perjalanan pulang ke Mekah pada malam yang sama. Dalam perjalanan ini baginda bertemu dengan beberapa peristiwa yang kemudiannya menjadi saksi (bukti) peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj yang amat ajaib itu (Daripada satu riwayat peristiwa itu berlaku pada malam Isnin, 27 Rejab, kira-kira 18 bulan sebelum hijrah). Wallahu'alam. (Sumber : Kitab Jam'ul-Fawaa`id) Kesimpulannya, peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj bukan hanya sekadar sebuah kisah sejarah yang diceritakan kembali setiap kali 27 Rejab menjelang. Adalah lebih penting untuk kita menghayati pengajaran di sebalik peristiwa tersebut bagi meneladani perkara yang baik dan menjauhi perkara yang tidak baik. Peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj yang memperlihatkan pelbagai kejadian aneh yang penuh pengajaran seharusnya memberi keinsafan kepada kita agar sentiasa mengingati Allah dan takut kepada kekuasaan-Nya. Seandainya peristiwa dalam Israk dan Mikraj ini dipelajari dan dihayati benar-benar kemungkinan manusia mampu mengelakkan dirinya daripada melakukan berbagai-bagai kejahatan. Kejadian Israk dan Mikraj juga adalah untuk menguji umat Islam (apakah percaya atau tidak dengan peristiwa tersebut). Orang-orang kafir di zaman Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam langsung tidak mempercayai, malahan memperolok-olokkan Nabi sebaik-baik Nabi bercerita kepada mereka. Peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj itu merupakan ujian dan mukjizat yang membuktikan kudrat atau kekuasaan Allah Subhanahu Wataala. Allah Subhanahu Wataala telah menunjukkan bukti-bukti kekuasaan dan kebesaran-Nya kepada Baginda Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam.Mafhum Firman Allah S. W. T. : "Maha Suci Allah yang telah memperjalankan hamba-Nya pada suatu malam dari Al-Masjidil Haram ke Al-Masjidil Aqsa yang telah kami berkati sekelilingnya agar Kami perlihatkan kepadanya sebahagian dari tanda-tanda kebesaran Kami. Sesungguhnya Dia adalah Maha Mendengar lagi Maha Melihat." (Surah Al-Israa': Ayat 1). wallahua'lam..
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Faizalr.Com
Setelah itu, dadanya dijahit dan dimeterikan dengan "khatimin nubuwwah". Selesai pembedahan, didatangkan binatang bernama Buraq untuk ditunggangi oleh Rasulullah dalam perjalanan luar biasa yang dinamakan "Israk" itu. 2. Semasa Israk (Perjalanan dari Masjidil-Haram ke Masjidil-Aqsa):Sepanjang perjalanan (israk) itu Rasulullah S. A. W. diiringi (ditemani) oleh malaikat Jibrail dan Israfil. Tiba di tempat-tempat tertentu (tempat-tempat yang mulia dan bersejarah), Rasulullah telah diarah oleh Jibrail supaya berhenti dan bersembahyang sebanyak dua rakaat. Antara tempat-tempat berkenaan ialah:i. Negeri Thaibah (Madinah), tempat di mana Rasulullah akan melakukan hijrah. ii. Bukit Tursina, iaitu tempat Nabi Musa A. S. menerima wahyu daripada Allah; iii. Baitul-Laham (tempat Nabi 'Isa A. S. dilahirkan); Dalam perjalanan itu juga baginda Rasulullah S. A. W. menghadapi gangguan jin 'Afrit dengan api jamung dan dapat menyasikan peristiwa-peristiwa simbolik yang amat ajaib. Antaranya :§ Kaum yang sedang bertanam dan terus menuai hasil tanaman mereka. apabila dituai, hasil (buah) yang baru keluar semula seolah-olah belum lagi dituai. Hal ini berlaku berulang-ulang.
Rasulullah S. A. W. dibertahu oleh Jibrail : Itulah kaum yang berjihad "Fisabilillah" yang digandakan pahala kebajikan sebanyak 700 kali ganda bahkan sehingga gandaan yang lebih banyak. § Tempat yang berbau harum. Rasulullah S. A. W. diberitahu oleh Jibrail : Itulah bau kubur Mayitah (tukang sisir rambut anak Fir'aun) bersama suaminya dan anak-anak-nya (termasuk bayi yang dapat bercakap untuk menguatkan iman ibunya) yang dibunuh oleh Fir'aun kerana tetapt teguh beriman kepada Allah (tak mahu mengakui Fir'aun sebagai Tuhan).§ Sekumpulan orang yang sedang memecahkan kepala mereka. Setiap kali dipecahkan, kepala mereka sembuh kembali, lalu dipecahkan pula. Demikian dilakukan berkali-kali. Jibrail memberitahu Rasulullah: Itulah orang-orang yang berat kepala mereka untuk sujud (sembahyang). § Sekumpulan orang yang hanya menutup kemaluan mereka (qubul dan dubur) dengan secebis kain.
Mereka dihalau seperti binatang ternakan. Mereka makan bara api dan batu dari neraka Jahannam. Kata Jibrail : Itulah orang-orang yang tidak mengeluarkan zakat harta mereka. § Satu kaum, lelaki dan perempuan, yang memakan daging mentah yang busuk sedangkan daging masak ada di sisi mereka. Kata Jibrail: Itulah lelaki dan perempuan yang melakukan zina sedangkan lelaki dan perempuan itu masing-masing mempunyai isteri / suami.§ Lelaki yang berenang dalam sungai darah dan dilontarkan batu. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang makan riba`.§ Lelaki yang menghimpun seberkas kayu dan dia tak terdaya memikulnya, tapi ditambah lagi kayu yang lain. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang tak dapat menunaikan amanah tetapi masih menerima amanah yang lain.§ Satu kaum yang sedang menggunting lidah dan bibir mereka dengan penggunting besi berkali-kali. Setiap kali digunting, lidah dan bibir mereka kembali seperti biasa. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang membuat fitnah dan mengatakan sesuatu yang dia sendiri tidak melakukannya. § Kaum yang mencakar muka dan dada mereka dengan kuku tembaga mereka. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang memakan daging manusia (mengumpat) dan menjatuhkan maruah (mencela, menghinakan) orang.§ Seekor lembu jantan yang besar keluar dari lubang yang sempit.
Tak dapat dimasukinya semula lubang itu. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang bercakap besar (Takabbur). Kemudian menyesal, tapi sudah terlambat.§ Seorang perempuan dengan dulang yang penuh dengan pelbagai perhiasan. Rasulullah tidak memperdulikannya. Kata Jibrail: Itulah dunia. Jika Rasulullah memberi perhatian kepadanya, nescaya umat Islam akan mengutamakan dunia daripada akhirat. § Seorang perempuan tua duduk di tengah jalan dan menyuruh Rasulullah berhenti. Rasulullah S. A. W. tidak menghiraukannya. Kata Jibrail: Itulah orang yang mensesiakan umurnya sampai ke tua.§ Seorang perempuan bongkok tiga menahan Rasulullah untuk bertanyakan sesuatu. Kata Jibrail: Itulah gambaran umur dunia yang sangat tua dan menanti saat hari kiamat. Setibanya di masjid Al-Aqsa, Rasulullah turun dari Buraq. Kemudian masuk ke dalam masjid dan mengimamkan sembahyang dua rakaat dengan segala anbia` dan mursalin menjadi makmum.Rasulullah S. A. W. terasa dahaga, lalu dibawa Jibrail dua bejana yang berisi arak dan susu. Rasulullah memilih susu lalu diminumnya. Kata Jibrail: Baginda membuat pilhan yang betul. Jika arak itu dipilih, nescaya ramai umat baginda akan menjadi sesat.3. Semasa Mikraj (Naik ke Hadhratul-Qudus Menemui Allah):Didatangkan Mikraj (tangga) yang indah dari syurga. Rasulullah S. A. W. dan Jibrail naik ke atas tangga pertama lalu terangkat ke pintu langit dunia (pintu Hafzhah). . Langit Pertama: Rasulullah S. A. W. dan Jibrail masuk ke langit pertama, lalu berjumpa dengan Nabi Adam A. S. Kemudian dapat melihat orang-orang yang makan riba` dan harta anak yatim dan melihat orang berzina yang rupa dan kelakuan mereka sangat huduh dan buruk. Penzina lelaki bergantung pada susu penzina perempuan. i. Langit Kedua: Nabi S. A. W. dan Jibrail naik tangga langit yang kedua, lalu masuk dan bertemu dengan Nabi 'Isa A. S. dan Nabi Yahya A. S.ii. Langit Ketiga: Naik langit ketiga. Bertemu dengan Nabi Yusuf A. S. iii. Langit Keempat: Naik tangga langit keempat. Bertemu dengan Nabi Idris A. S. iv. Langit Kelima: Naik tangga langit kelima. Bertemu dengan Nabi Harun A. S. yang dikelilingi oleh kaumnya Bani Israil.v. Langit Keenam: Naik tangga langit keenam. Bertemu dengan Nabi-Nabi.
Seterusnya dengan Nabi Musa A. S. Rasulullah mengangkat kepala (disuruh oleh Jibrail) lalu dapat melihat umat baginda sendiri yang ramai, termasuk 70,000 orang yang masuk syurga tanpa hisab. vi. Langit Ketujuh: Naik tangga langit ketujuh dan masuk langit ketujuh lalu bertemu dengan Nabi Ibrahim Khalilullah yang sedang bersandar di Baitul-Ma'mur dihadapi oleh beberapa kaumnya. Kepada Rasulullah S. A. W., Nabi Ibrahim A. S. bersabda, "Engkau akan berjumapa dengan Allah pada malam ini. Umatmu adalah akhir umat dan terlalu dha'if, maka berdoalah untuk umatmu. Suruhlah umatmu menanam tanaman syurga iaitu lah HAULA WALA QUWWATA ILLA BILLAH". Mengikut riwayat lain, Nabi Irahim A. S. bersabda, "Sampaikan salamku kepada umatmu dan beritahu mereka, syurga itu baik tanahnya, tawar airnya dan tanamannya ialah lima kalimah, iaitu: SUBHANALLAH, WAL-HAMDULILLAH, WA lah ILAHA ILLALLAH ALLAHU AKBAR dan WA lah HAULA WA lah QUWWATA ILLA BILLAHIL- 'ALIYYIL-'AZHIM. Bagi orang yang membaca setiap kalimah ini akan ditanamkan sepohon pokok dalam syurga". Setelah melihat beberpa peristiwa! lain yang ajaib. Rasulullah dan Jibrail masuk ke dalam Baitul-Makmur dan bersembahyang (Baitul-Makmur ini betul-betul di atas Baitullah di Mekah). vii. Tangga Kelapan: Di sinilah disebut "al-Kursi" yang berbetulan dengan dahan pokok Sidratul-Muntaha. Rasulullah S. A. W. menyaksikan pelbagai keajaiban pada pokok itu: Sungai air yang tak berubah, sungai susu, sungai arak dan sungai madu lebah. Buah, daun-daun, batang dan dahannya berubah-ubah warna dan bertukar menjadi permata-permata yang indah. Unggas-unggas emas berterbangan. Semua keindahan itu tak terperi oleh manusia. Baginda Rasulullah S. A. W. dapat menyaksikan pula sungai Al-Kautsar yang terus masuk ke syurga. Seterusnya baginda masuk ke syurga dan melihat neraka berserta dengan Malik penunggunya.viii. Tangga Kesembilan: Di sini berbetulan dengan pucuk pokok Sidratul-Muntaha. Rasulullah S. A. W. masuk di dalam nur dan naik ke Mustawa dan Sharirul-Aqlam. Lalu dapat melihat seorang lelaki yang ghaib di dalam nur 'Arasy, iaitu lelaki di dunia yang lidahnya sering basah berzikir, hatinya tertumpu penuh kepada masjid dan tidak memaki ibu bapanya. ix. Tangga Kesepuluh: Baginda Rasulullah sampai di Hadhratul-Qudus dan Hadhrat Rabbul-Arbab lalu dapat menyaksikan Allah S. W. T. dengan mata kepalanya, lantas sujud. Kemudian berlakulah dialog antara Allah dan Muhammad, Rasul-Nya: Allah S. W. T : Ya Muhammad. Rasulullah : Labbaika. Allah S. W. T : Angkatlah kepalamu dan bermohonlah, Kami perkenankan. Rasulullah : Ya, Rabb. Engkau telah ambil Ibrahim sebagai Khalil dan Engkau berikan dia kerajaan yang besar. Engkau berkata-kata dengan Musa. Engkau berikan Dawud kerajaan yang besar dan dapat melembutkan besi. Engkau kurniakan kerajaan kepada Sulaiman yang tidak Engkau kurniakan kepada sesiapa pun dan memudahkan Sulaiman menguasai jin, manusia, syaitan dan angin. Engkau ajarkan 'Isa Taurat dan Injil. Dengan izin-Mu, dia dapat menyembuhkan orang buta, orang sufaq dan menghidupkan orang mati. Engkau lindungi dia dan ibunya daripada syaitan. Allah S. W. T : aku ambilmu sebagai kekasih. Aku perkenankanmu sebagai penyampai berita gembira dan amaran kepada umatmu. Aku buka dadamu dan buangkan dosamu. Aku jadikan umatmu sebaik-baik umat. Aku beri keutamaan dan keistimewaan kepadamu pada hari qiamat. Aku kurniakan tujuh ayat (surah Al-Fatihah) yang tidak aku kurniakan kepada sesiapa sebelummu. Aku berikanmu ayat-ayat di akhir surah al-Baqarah sebagai suatu perbendaharaan di bawah 'Arasy. Aku berikan habuan daripada kelebihan Islam, hijrah, sedekah dan amar makruf dan nahi munkar. Aku kurniakanmu panji-panji Liwa-ul-hamd, maka Adam dan semua yang lainnya di bawah panji-panjimu. Dan aku fardhukan atasmu dan umatmu lima puluh (waktu) sembahyang.4. Selesai munajat, Rasulullah S. A. W. di bawa menemui Nabi Ibrahim A. S. kemudian Nabi Musa A. S. yang kemudiannya menyuruh Rasulullah S. A. W. merayu kepada Allah S. W. T agar diberi keringanan, mengurangkan jumlah waktu sembahyang itu. Selepas sembilan kali merayu, (setiap kali dikurangkan lima waktu), akhirnya Allah perkenan memfardhukan sembahyang lima waktu sehari semalam dengan mengekalkan nilainya sebanyak 50 waktu juga. 5. Selepas MikrajRasulullah S. A. W. turun ke langit dunia semula.
Seterusnya turun ke Baitul-Maqdis. Lalu menunggang Buraq perjalanan pulang ke Mekah pada malam yang sama. Dalam perjalanan ini baginda bertemu dengan beberapa peristiwa yang kemudiannya menjadi saksi (bukti) peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj yang amat ajaib itu (Daripada satu riwayat peristiwa itu berlaku pada malam Isnin, 27 Rejab, kira-kira 18 bulan sebelum hijrah). Wallahu'alam. (Sumber : Kitab Jam'ul-Fawaa`id) Kesimpulannya, peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj bukan hanya sekadar sebuah kisah sejarah yang diceritakan kembali setiap kali 27 Rejab menjelang. Adalah lebih penting untuk kita menghayati pengajaran di sebalik peristiwa tersebut bagi meneladani perkara yang baik dan menjauhi perkara yang tidak baik. Peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj yang memperlihatkan pelbagai kejadian aneh yang penuh pengajaran seharusnya memberi keinsafan kepada kita agar sentiasa mengingati Allah dan takut kepada kekuasaan-Nya. Seandainya peristiwa dalam Israk dan Mikraj ini dipelajari dan dihayati benar-benar kemungkinan manusia mampu mengelakkan dirinya daripada melakukan berbagai-bagai kejahatan. Kejadian Israk dan Mikraj juga adalah untuk menguji umat Islam (apakah percaya atau tidak dengan peristiwa tersebut). Orang-orang kafir di zaman Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam langsung tidak mempercayai, malahan memperolok-olokkan Nabi sebaik-baik Nabi bercerita kepada mereka. Peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj itu merupakan ujian dan mukjizat yang membuktikan kudrat atau kekuasaan Allah Subhanahu Wataala. Allah Subhanahu Wataala telah menunjukkan bukti-bukti kekuasaan dan kebesaran-Nya kepada Baginda Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam.Mafhum Firman Allah S. W. T. : "Maha Suci Allah yang telah memperjalankan hamba-Nya pada suatu malam dari Al-Masjidil Haram ke Al-Masjidil Aqsa yang telah kami berkati sekelilingnya agar Kami perlihatkan kepadanya sebahagian dari tanda-tanda kebesaran Kami. Sesungguhnya Dia adalah Maha Mendengar lagi Maha Melihat." (Surah Al-Israa': Ayat 1). wallahua'lam..
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^ DIPETIK DARI
Faizalr.Com
Wednesday, July 7, 2010
go for it
Alhamdullillah
he who never fails, never
grows rich.
if you want to be
enthusiastic,
act
enthusiastic
the man who follows
the crowd will usually get no
further then the crowd.
the man who walks alone is likely
to find himself in place
no one has ever been.
willpower is to the mind
like a strong blind man
who carries on his
shoulders a lame man
who can see.
a strong, successful
man is not the victim
of his environment.
he creates favorable
conditions....
Insya Allah
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